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President Trump Issues Executive Order "Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs"
On January 30, President Trump signed an Executive Order aimed at reducing the “costs associated with the governmental imposition of private expenditures required to comply with Federal regulations” and ensuring that such costs are “prudently managed and controlled through a budgeting process.” The measure requires all executive departments and agencies to cut two existing regulations for every new regulation they implement. The Order also establishes a regulatory budget of $0 for FY 2017—meaning that the total incremental cost of all new regulations, when adding the cost burden of any new regulation and then subtracting the cost savings of repealed regulations, can be no greater than $0. Thereafter, beginning in FY 2018, each agency will be required to provide the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) with its best approximation of the total costs or savings to be expected from any new regulations. To the extent such estimates predict an increase in that Agency or department’s “incremental regulatory costs,” such increase will need to be authorized by the OMB (or by congress via a new law).
Details concerning how the new budgeting process and cost-offsetting policy will be implemented are left to the Office of Management and Budget, which is directed to provide agencies with guidance. House Financial Services Subcommittee Chairman Tom Graves sent a January 30 letter to CFPB Director Richard Cordray, seeking clarification as to the Bureau’s stance on whether the Trump Administration’s January 20 “Regulatory Freeze” Memorandum—which is similarly directed at “executive agencies”—applies to the CFPB.
OFAC Amends Executive Order Regarding Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities to Include Interfering With or Undermining Election Processes
On December 28, 2016, the President announced the issuance of an Executive Order Taking Additional Steps To Address The National Emergency With Respect To Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities thereby amending Executive Order 13694. Among other things, the new Executive Order allows for the imposition of sanctions on individuals and entities determined to be responsible for tampering, altering, or causing the misappropriation of information with the purpose or effect of interfering with or undermining election processes or institutions. Five entities and six individuals have been identified and will be added to OFAC’s SDN List, the latest version of which can be accessed here.
Treasury Sanctions North Korean Officials and Companies from Transportation, Mining, Energy, and Financial Services Industries
On December 2, OFAC announced its decision to designate 16 entities and seven individuals in response to North Korea’s ongoing nuclear weapons development and violations of U.N. security council resolutions. The designations include a number of North Korean banks and other entities in the financial services sector of the North Korean economy. As a result of today’s action, any property or interests in property of the designated persons in the possession or control of U.S. persons or within the United States must be blocked. Additionally, U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions involving the designated persons and listed aircraft. The additions to the Specially Designated Nationals List were made pursuant to Executive Orders 13382, 13687, and 13722, which target proliferators of weapons of mass destruction, the Government of North Korea, and a number of North Korean trade and industry sectors, including transportation, coal and energy, and financial services.
OFAC Authorizes Belarus-Related General License
On October 18, OFAC granted General License No. 2B renewing the authorization regarding nine Belarusian entities to enter into transactions otherwise prohibited by Executive Order 13405. General License No. 2B replaces and supersedes in its entirety General License No. 2A, which was set to expire later this month, and authorizes transactions with any entities that are owned 50 percent or more by the nine named entities. All property and interests in property of these entities, if blocked, remain blocked. U.S. persons must report authorized transactions or any series of transactions exceeding $50,000 to the U.S. Department of State no later than 30 days after execution. The authorization expires on April 30, 2017, unless otherwise extended or revoked.
OFAC Publishes Fact Sheet and FAQ Related to Termination of Burma Sanctions Program; Updates SDN List
On October 7, OFAC published a Fact Sheet and Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) number 481 regarding the implementation of the President’s Executive Order entitled “Termination of Emergency with Respect to the Actions and Policies of the Government of Burma.” OFAC’s fact sheet explains that all OFAC-administered restrictions and authorizations under the Burma sanctions program pertaining to banking with Burma, including 2012 and 2013 OFAC general licenses that authorized certain correspondent account activity with Burmese banks, are terminated pursuant to the Executive Order. FAQ 481 clarifies that “[p]ending OFAC enforcement matters will proceed irrespective of the termination of OFAC-administered sanctions on Burma, and OFAC will continue to review apparent violations of the [Burmese Sanctions Regulations], whether [such violations] came to the agency’s attention before or after the Burma sanctions program was terminated.” In connection with terminating the Burma-related sanctions program, OFAC made several deletions to its SDN List.
Multiple Federal Agencies Pursue International Payment Processor
The DOJ, OFAC and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service (USPIS), as part of an effort to stop an international network of mass mailing fraud schemes that target elderly and vulnerable victims, conducted a joint enforcement action against an international payments processor and money services business based in Canada. The agencies alleged that the payment processor engaged in money laundering and mail fraud by knowingly processing payments on behalf of the perpetrators of more than 100 different mail fraud campaigns, collectively involving tens of millions of dollars. OFAC designated the payments processor as a significant transnational criminal organization (TCO) pursuant to Executive Order 13581. OFAC also designated as TCOs a global network of 12 individuals and 24 entities across 18 countries based on their association with the payment processor. As a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of the designated persons subject to U.S. jurisdiction are blocked, and U.S. persons are prohibited from engaging in transactions with them. Additionally, USPIS obtained a warrant through the Eastern District of New York to seize the funds in a U.S. bank account that was allegedly used to process payments received through fraudulent mailings. According to OFAC, the payment processor “has a nearly 20-year history of knowingly processing payments relating to these fraudulent solicitation schemes, which result in the loss of millions of dollars to U.S. consumers.”
Obama Administration Issues Executive Order Terminating Côte d'Ivoire Sanctions Programs
On September 14, the White House issued an Executive Order titled “Termination of Emergency with Respect to the Situation in or in Relation to Côte d’Ivoire.” The Executive Order terminates the Côte d’Ivoire-related sanctions program. Accordingly, OFAC updated its SDN List to indicate the removal of the sanctions against the country established under the United Nations Security Council’s Resolution 2284. The Executive Order is effective immediately.
OFAC Publishes Burma-Related FAQ
On September 14, President Obama announced his intent to lift certain sanctions against Burma and to designate it as a least-developed beneficiary developing country for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences program, a status that would allow imported products from Burma to enjoy lower tariffs and preferential treatment. Accordingly, OFAC published new FAQ 480 to address the President’s announcement regarding the policy change with respect to Burma. The policy change will take effect when the President issues a new Executive Order and, at that time, OFAC “will formally remove the Burmese Sanctions Regulations from the Code of Federal Regulations and take other administrative actions as necessary.”
OFAC Issues Burundi Sanctions Regulations
On April 14, OFAC issued the Burundi Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR part 554 to implement the November 22, 2015 Executive Order 13712, “Blocking the Property of Certain persons Contributing to the Situation in Burundi.” OFAC issued the regulations in abbreviated form to provide immediate guidance to the public. The regulations provide limited definitional and interpretive guidance, and contain a number of licenses permitting U.S. persons to engage in activities otherwise prohibited by Executive Order 13712, including, among others, providing legal services and emergency medical services to designated persons. Persons designated pursuant to Executive Order 13712, i.e., those whose property and interests in property are blocked, are published in the Federal Register and incorporated into OFAC’s List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons with the identifier ‘[BURUNDI].’” OFAC intends to issue a more comprehensive set of regulations in the future, which may include additional interpretive and definitional guidance, as well as additional general licenses and statements of licensing policy.
President Expands North Korean Sanctions
On March 16, the President issued an Executive Order broadening sanctions in response to North Korea’s continuing pursuit of its nuclear and ballistic missile programs. The order blocks the Government of North Korea and the Workers’ Party of Korea; prohibits the exportation of goods, technology and services (including financial services) to North Korea from the United States; prohibits new investment in North Korea by U.S. persons; and establishes nine new criteria for designation as a blocked person. One provision authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to identify sectors of the North Korean economy to target for asset blocking sanctions. Under this authority, Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew determined that persons in the transportation, mining, energy, or financial services sectors of North Korea can be targeted.
Simultaneously, OFAC designated 17 officials or organizations of the Government of North Korea as SDNs, meaning that all of these persons’ property or interests in property in the United States or the possession or control of a U.S. person are blocked. OFAC also identified 20 vessels as blocked.
Finally, OFAC issued nine general licenses permitting certain activities involving North Korea that would otherwise be prohibited by the new Executive Order. These general licenses authorize, among other activities, noncommercial, personal remittances on behalf of individuals normally resident in North Korea; third-country consular funds transfers and transactions related to intellectual property; and support of non-governmental organizations and telecommunications and mail.